Use of Modified Imagery in Beauty/fashion Advertising

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Social Media and Its Furnishings on Beauty

Submitted: March 16th, 2020 Reviewed: July sixth, 2020 Published: September 21st, 2020

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.93322

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Dazzler

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Abstract

Beauty is concerned with physical and mental health every bit both are intimately related. Brusk-term decisions to alter one's torso structure irrespective of genetic, environmental, occupational and nutritional needs can exit medium- and long-term effects. This chapter analyzes the role of social media and its effects on the standards of beauty. The researchers have summarized the literature on how social media plays a office in affecting beauty trends, torso epitome and self-esteem concerns. There is support that social media affects individuals negatively, in pushing them to engage in life threatening beauty trends due to social compliance and acceptance in society. The aim was to review social networking sites' bear upon on perception of standards of beauty and newer unrealistic trends gaining popularity that could change opinions and besides cause damage to individuals in the long run. This is an emerging area of enquiry that is of high importance to the concrete and mental health in the dazzler, health and hospitality industry with the latter being manifested in depression, anxiety and fear of not-acceptability and being seen as a social gauche.

Keywords

• social media
• cocky-esteem
• body modification
• body dissatisfaction
• beauty

• Mavis Henriques*

  • Birla Plant of Technology and Science, Goa Campus, India

• Debasis Patnaik

  • Department of Economics, Birla Institute of Applied science and Science, Goa Campus, Republic of india

*Address all correspondence to: mavis_henriques@hotmail.com

i. Introduction

Social media refers to the use of websites and applications to create and share content or to participate in social networking [1]. Technological developments have given ascent to various gadgets including smart-phones, tablets, and laptops to robots too. Living in a digitized era, communication has now become easier and faster with the emergence of diverse social applications bachelor at the click of a button. While many may hold that social media has connected individuals globally, it has also been used to set standards of beauty for males, females as well as the third gender. This in plough has been known to affect the self-esteem of individuals with regards to trunk image, body modification and how they view themselves in lodge. In guild to be accepted in society females have to battle body epitome issues from a very young age, where thin is considered to exist the ideal torso blazon [ii].

This chapter focuses on the effects of social media on standards of dazzler. We review the literature on the role of social media and how they touch on the physical and psychological beauty of individuals in society.

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2. Effects of social media on the aspects of body prototype

Today, Social Media is one of the well-nigh important factors contributing to the mental, emotional, physical and spiritual wellness of an private. With the media constantly portraying ideal beauty and trunk paradigm comparisons, the decisions of men and women'southward beauty choices are globally affected.

"Body image refers to a person's perception of their physical self and the thoughts and feelings, positive, negative or both, which effect from that perception" [3]. Social media has had a major impact on the perceptual, affective, cognitive and behavioral aspects of torso image [3] by encouraging lean torso patterns and delivering anti-obesity messages [4]. Eating disorders determine a distorted relationship betwixt the individual, their eating beliefs and trunk shape [5]. Adolescence being a crucial age for positive and negative development of body image, the self-esteem and body dissatisfaction adolescents feel are known predictors of eating disorders [half dozen]. Continuous pursuit for the perfect slender lean trunk may generate negative feelings which can consequence in a change in eating behavior, thereby increasing the chances of weight problems and eating disorders [4, 7]. Social media portrays women who are slim equally being more beautiful and successful compared to overweight women [eight]. Body image misperception and dissatisfaction with body weight highlight an association between body dissatisfaction and psychological wellbeing [9].

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iii. Self-esteem problems in response to social media effects

Body image concerns are common in women and men globally, only social media has now increased these concerns through advertising, videos and the use of social media. Milkie [ten] conducted in-depth interviews on 60 white and minority girls to examine the effect of media on self-esteem. Results indicated that most girls felt that the images shown in media were unrealistic and not existent. White girls felt that boys evaluated them on the basis of the images found on media platforms whereas the minority girls felt that the images portrayed on media did not meet the expectations of the reference group they oriented themselves with. The evolution from boyhood to adulthood has seen 12–sixteen teenage girls feel emotional changes in interpersonal and intrapersonal development as well as actual changes such as sudden weight gain and transition from a young girl to a fully grown woman [xi, 12]. In today'due south world, the self-presentation of beauty and perceptions of others plays an important role in developing identities in girls [13, 14]. New interactive platforms present in social media demonstrate how self-presentations and peer influences are interrelated with the standards of beauty [15]. Many women may imitate their ideal media personality due to the social, psychological and applied rewards associated with this ideal and the belief that their life would modify for the better [16].

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4. Social media: trends in behavioral outcomes

Social media comprises of social networking sites, image sharing sites, video hosting sites, community blogs, bookmarking sites and gaming sites. Fellow comparisons about self-image and appearances in teenagers accept resulted due to social networking sites (SNSs) such equally Instagram and Facebook [17]. Teenage girls engage in online self-presentation of posting selfies and sharing the outfit of the twenty-four hours pictures to differentiate themselves with their peers [eighteen]. Media images of ideal beauty standards influence the content and sharing of pictures teenage girls' mail service [19]. Individuals are constantly seeking feedback on SNSs through likes, followers and comments to uphold a perfect and stable paradigm of themselves [xx]. Teenage girls are vulnerable to the upwardly comparison as it means that they need to improve their dazzler standards, thereby leaving them dissatisfied with their physical bodies, having doubts well-nigh their self-worth and besides driving them to self-harm behavior [xx, 21].

Taking selfies and sharing them on pop social platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and Snapchat has increased at an alarming rate during the contempo years. A recent study compared selfie takers and non selfie takers and their perceptions of their selfies versus photographs clicked by others. Results indicated that selfie takers perceived themselves every bit more than attractive and likable in their selfies as opposed to pictures taken past others leading to positive distortions of the self [22]. Biases in cocky-face up recognition were seen in men and women in selecting the most bonny modified pictures of themselves [23]. Selfies are no harm per se. Just obsession with physical features reveals a lack of holistic perception of self-generated sub-consciously, post-obit an "exterior" standard of beauty not divers by the "inner self" of the receiver.

Popular socialites Kim and Khloe Kardashian have been slammed with media reports of them using photoshop to edit Instagram selfies by making unrealistic alterations to look thinner and more toned. Emily Bryngelson, an acquaintance designer struggling with an eating disorder, admitted to deleting pictures if they did not receive enough "likes." The time spent on Facebook photos was linked to cocky-objectification, weight dissatisfaction, thin idealization and pursuit of thinness [fifteen].

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5. Social media and unrealistic dazzler standards

There are multiple factors that impact the beauty standards in the world today, which involve women and men and the tertiary gender individuals trying new trends to exist socially accepted. The purchasing decisions of millennials are influenced majorly by social media [24]. 72% of millennials procure beauty products based on Instagram posts and other social networks [25]. Makeup consists of the application of cosmetic products to beautify or alter the way one looks either artistically or to muffle flaws. Jang-Before long and Hye-Jin [26] investigated 240 teenage males' preferences for makeup use. Results indicated that their advent was one of the major reasons for their social success. The male person respondents who were immature, single and city residents had an overall positive perception near cosmetics [26]. With bloggers constantly advertizing on social media, cosmetic products, take gained popularity.

The images on social media sites are idealized and unreal, due to digital alteration thereby setting loftier expectations from individuals in order. Imperfections are removed past airbrushing and using other digitized apps to whiten teeth, slim waists and reduce sizes in social club to be accepted equally beauty ideals [27]. These techniques may further atomic number 82 to negative consequences of increased body dissatisfaction, body modification and low self-esteem issues. Unrealistic images of feminity, beauty, success and body shape promoted through social media images are associated with development of eating disorders and torso dissatisfaction disorders [28, 29].

Filters and beauty apps represent another area in which social media has a major influence. Dazzler apps encourage women to run into and surveil themselves within a "pedagogy of defect" [xxx]. They include filters and modification apps, surgery try out apps, and esthetic benchmarking apps which help individuals visualize how they will look subsequently certain changes such as teeth whitening, heart bag removal and also whether the individual looks erstwhile or immature [31].

"Body modification refers to the deliberate or permanent altering of an individual'southward human being anatomy or appearance" [32]. They involve two aspects: the processes that modify form or contours of the body such equally metabolic manipulation (weight lifting, extreme dieting, use of drugs/steroids, hormones), cosmetic surgeries and procedures (liposuction, face-lifts, rhinoplasty, botox, eye lash extensions), genital surgery and sex reassignment surgery, restriction or pinch (waist training, foot binding), abrasion (teeth filing, scourging, flagellation), elongation (neck, lips, earlobes), partial or total removal of body parts (breasts, penis, ribs, olfactory organ etc.), implantation of foreign objects (silicone implants, decorative items under the skin), and prosthetics (false limbs, finger nails, lenses) and processes that marker the surface of the torso such equally tattooing, piercing, tanning/bleaching, scarification, branding and hair removal [32].

Immature women and teenage girls following fitness boards on Pinterest were probable to have intensions to engage in farthermost crash dieting or extreme exercising as a result of social comparing leading them to feelings of inadequacy and body dissatisfaction [33, 34].

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6. Trunk modification trends in club

From professional athletes to celebrities, contouring, tattooing and body piercings has gained popularity in today's gild [35]. Individuals who get tattooed refer to it equally a slice of art and piercing every bit fashion accessories, for the purpose of embellishment or equally a cocky-healing issue after having being driveling [36, 37, 38, 39]. A survey conducted at an American University plant body piercings in 42% of men and 60% of women with piercings involving tongue, lips, nose, navel, genitals, nipple and countenance besides the earlobe piercing. Bacterial infections, bleeding and local trauma were common complications faced. "Tattoos were present in 22% of male students and 26% of female students" [40].

Another reason why individuals appoint in trunk modifications is to maintain self-identities and be distinctive from others [41, 42]. Physical endurance, lust for pain, spirituality and cultural traditions, addictions, resistance, sexual motives, grouping commitments are reasons why individuals prefer modification procedures [43]. Social Media has had a tremendous upshot on how individuals perceive and endure painful tattooing and torso modifications afterward viewing popular Instagram and Pinterest handles. Brief exposure to body modifications on pop social networking sites has seen an increase in tattoo searches and body modification procedures in young likewise as older individuals, proving the impact of Social Media on Beauty trends in club.

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7. Adopting to ever changing social media trends: Is it right?

Social media has a robust influence on the beauty, health and hospitality industry with women and men engaging in weight loss and diets to avert gaining fat identities that impacted their wellbeing in the long run [44, 45, 46]. Women and men have turned to waxing, shaving and removal of unwanted facial and body hair in lodge to encounter the beauty standards of societal acceptance [47, 48]. Women who did not appoint in pilus removal were negatively evaluated equally being dirty or gross [49, fifty]. In 2010, a concept of living dolls emerged online with women practicing the fine art of appearing "doll like." These women would engage in usage of wide rimmed contact lenses, hair extensions, corsets, photo editing and surgery including, eye widening, breast implants, liposuction and rib removal to enhance their beauty [31]. Even though women knew the risks in false eyelashes and acrylic nails, they still reported to be continuing to engage in it to experience socially accustomed [31].

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8. Using social media for body positivity

Social networking sites such every bit Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and other networking sites have the potential to influence positive beliefs and attitudes in individuals [51]. The online platform has given many individuals a feeling of a "sense of belonging." Men and women are obsessed with images on social media portals and often search for esthetic body types which are non similar to their ain trunk. Instagram and Facebook oftentimes have stories of individuals who take fought hard to change beauty standards through sheer dedication and hard piece of work, be information technology exercising, eating healthy or building cocky-esteem and trunk credence through back up groups and communities found online. Blocking body shamers tin assist reinforce confidence in men and women globally. Promoting videos on life struggles with weight motivate others to believe in never giving up and taking charge of their lives. Today social media includes individuals of dissimilar race, gender, ethnicity and sexual orientation, thereby focusing more than on breaking stereotypes and building communities to back up each other.

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9. Determination

With applied science advancing by the minute and newer apps surfacing online, social media has an immediate effect on beauty. Due to the ever irresolute body images depicted online, individuals are turning to social media handles for acceptance and support. The selfie civilisation has brought nearly a positive and negative modify in how individuals perceive themselves. While near enquiry today focuses on the negative impacts of social media on dazzler, more involvement should be laid on body positivity and using social media as a medium for self-acceptance whether beautified or not.

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Written By

Mavis Henriques and Debasis Patnaik

Submitted: March 16th, 2020 Reviewed: July 6th, 2020 Published: September 21st, 2020

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution iii.0 License, which permits unrestricted employ, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original piece of work is properly cited.

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